1.2 Organisations Promoting Adaptive Sports (Special Olympics Bharat ) Physical Education
Special Olympics Bharat
Special Olympics Bharat is an officially recognised programme of Special Olympics International which was started by Eunice Kennedy Shriver sister of john F Kennedy the farmer President of USA.
Special Olympics Bharat is a movement that uses sports as a catalyst to change the lives of children and adult with intellectual disabilities or mentally challenged person. she believed that with equal opportunities and experiences as anyone else people with intellectual disabilities could compete for more than ever thought possible. It was founded in 1987 as Special Olympics Bharat and changed to Special Olympics Bharat in 2001. She was convinced that children with intellectual disabilities could be exceptional athletes and that through sports they can realise their potential for growth and development. It is recognised by the Government of India as a National Sports Federation for the development of sports opportunity for the people with intellectual disabilities.
Mission
Olympics international
Its mission is to provide sports training and organise sports competition throughout the year for children and adults with intellectual disabilities giving them persistent opportunities to develop physical fitness demonstrate courage experience joy and to participate in sharing of gifts skills and friendship with their families other Special Olympics athletes and the community.
Vision
It is a movement which improves the lives of people with intellectual disabilities and in turn the lives of everyone they touch through sports training and sports competition. It empowers people with intellectual disabilities to realise their full potential and develop their skills through intense sports training and competition. the athletes with intellectual disabilities become fulfilled and productive member of their families and the communities in which they live.it is an experience that is energising healthy skillful and joyful. They share common belief in dignity equality and opportunity for all people.
Goal
Its goal is to provide chance to differently abled people to develop physical fitness and focus on their holistic development.
Achievements
Special Olympics Bharat has been organising national games in various disciplines since 2002. Competition are organised at local district state national and international levels. It has organised various tournament and championship such as National Games National floor Hockey Championships National Football and Table Tennis Championships. Approximately 383 India athletes have participated in Special Olympics Regional Asia Pacific Games.
Benefits
It improves physical fitness and motor skills instils greater self confidence and a more positive self image forges friendship and ensures insures increased family support. it helps in strengthening athletes physically socially and emotionally. It helps in building leadership promoting health of athletes and building communities.
Paralympic Games
Paralympic Games are a major international multi-sport event for the athletes with various disabilities such as athletes with mobility disabilities; amputation, blindness cerebral palsy. paralympic games are held at an interval of every four years following the Olympic Games. The first Winter Paralympic Games were held in 1976 in Sweden. The Winter paralympic Games are also held after every four years.
Opening Ceremony
The opening ceremony begins with the hoisting of the host country flag and rendition of its national anthem. Paralympic torch is brought into the stadium and passed on until it reaches to the final torch bearer who finally lights the Paralympic flame. After the national anthem the athletes come for march past into the stadium grouped according to their nations. Formal opening of the games is announced. After that host nation present its culture in the form music dance and singing, etc.
Closing Ceremony
After the conclusion of all the sports events the closing ceremony begins. The Paralympic flag is taken down. The games are officially closed and the Paralympic flame is extinguished. Flag bearers from each participating country enter the stadium the athletes who enter together without any national distinction.
International Paralympic Committee
Its a global body of the Paralympic movement. Its main aim is to develop sports opportunities for all the people with an impairment from the beginner to the elite level. The International Paralympic Committee organises the Summer and winter Paralympic Games. It also serves as the International Federation for nine sport for which it supervises and coordinates the world championship and other competition.
Categories of Disability
The International Paralympic Committee has established ten disability categories including physical visual and intellectual impairment. The International Paralympic Committee mainly serves athletes with physical and visual disabilities whereas intellectual disability has been added to some Paralympic games. Athletes with one of these disabilities can participate in the Paralympic Games though not every sport can allow for every disability category. Physical impairment or disability includes impaired muscle power impaired passive range of movement loss of limb leg length difference short stature, etc.
Deaflympics
Earlier the Deaflympics used to be called World Games for the Deaf. The Deaflympics are an International Olympic Committee sanctioned event in which deaf athletes compete at an elite level. In Deaflympics the starter gun bull horn commands or referee whistles are not used as seen in the Olympic the Paralympic and the special Olympic. Flags or any visual signal are used to alert the participants. These games have been organised by the International Committee of Sports for the Deaf since the first event. The Deaflympics are more than just the world second oldest multiple sports after Olympic. These games are the world fastest growing sports events.
The Deaflympics are held once in four years. The first Games held in Paris in 1924 were also the first ever international sporting event for athletes with a disability. Since 1924 these games have been held persistently after four years. However these games were not held twice due to World War 2. Deaflympic Winter Games started in 1949. In 1924,in Paris, only 148 athletes from 9 European countries participated in these games.
Sports in Summer Deaflympics
Athletics Handball Taekwondo
Badminton Judo Tennis
Basketball Karate Volleyball
Beach Volleyball Orienteering Water polo
Bowling Shooting Wrestling Freestyle
Cycling Road Swimming Wrestling Greco Roman
Football Table Tennis
Sports in Winter Deaflympics
Alpine Skiing Ice Hockey
Cross Country Skiing Snowboard
Curling
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