1.2 Aim and objectives of physical education

 1.2 AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION 

The aim of physical education is the wholesome development of an individual , or it can be said that the aim of physical education is complete living . In fact , the aim of physical education is an apex point which seems to be out of reach . In general , `wholesome development of an individual `is the aim of physical education and this aim can be achieved step by step . These step are called objectives . So ,it is said that the aim is one but objectives may be many .

According to JF WILLIAMS = "Physical education should aim to provide skilled leadership , adequate facilities and ample time for the individual and the groups to participate in activities that are physically wholesome , mentally stimulating and socially sound. " According to the Ministry of Education and National Planning of Physical Education and Recreation ="The aim of physical education must be to make every child physically, mentally and emotionally fit and also to develop in him such personal and social qualities which will help him to live happily with others and build him up a good citizen.'' Regarding the objectives of physical education , many leading figures of this field advocate different objectives according to their concepts. H Clarke mentions only three objectives of physical education . 1 Physical fitness 2 social efficiency 3 Culture Bookwalter also mention three objectives. 1 Health 2 Worthy use of leisure time 3 Ethical character Hetherington classifies the five objectives of physical education. 1 Immediate objectives 2 Remote objectives 3 Developmental objectives 4 Social standard objectives 5 Objectives in control of health conditions Leslie has mentioned the following five objectives of physical education . 1 Organic aspect of development 2 Neuro muscular aspect of development 3 Emotional aspect of development 4 Social aspect of development 5 Intellectual aspect of development After meta analysis of the above mentioned objectives , it can be concluded that following are the main objective of physical education. Physical Development : The foremost objective of physical education is physical development . in fact , it leads to the development of our organ systems , such as circulatory system ,respiratory system ,nervous system , muscular system and digestive system . Physical education is related to physical activities on our organ systems . These systems witness growth in size , shape , efficiency , etc. Hence , it can be stated that physical development is possible through this objective of physical education. This also promotes sound health, they can perform their functions in an efficient way Mental Development : This objective is related to the mental development of an individual. The various physical activities of physical education programme need alertness of mind , deep concentration and calculated movements. Moreover, it should be called the indispensable requirement of various physical activities . In fact , it is a two way process. Physical activities sharpen the mind , which in turn is essential to perform various activities. Along with these activities, physical education is also a subject as other educational subjects. It includes rules and regulations, techniques of games, anatomical and physiological studies, balanced diet, sanitation, health and diseases, personal hygiene, etc. In this way, mental development takes place. Through participation in various activities, an individual learns to draw certain conclusions. He/she /her to take decisions independently. so, his/her mental development takes place in many ways. Social Development : This objective is related to the development of social traits, which are essential for better adjustment in life. The programmes of physical education provide a number of ways to develop these qualities. Each and every individual wants to have leader like qualities. Through physical activities, the plyers who belong to different place come closer to one another. They adjust themselves according to situation. Human relation are developed. It is a better source for attaining the qualities like cooperation, courtesy, fair play, sportsmanship, tolerance and sympathy. These traits are developed in various programmes of physical education. A society can prosper in a healthy social enviromment and such type of environment is possible only through the programmes of physical education. Neuro muscular coordination : This objective is concerned with a better relationship between nervous system and muscular system. The activities of physical education provide ample opportunities for the better neuro muscular coordination. In various game situation, our neuro muscular coordination is developed. Good neuro muscular coordination helps to keep off fatigue during vigorous activities. We can use our energy in a proper way if we have good neuro muscular coordination. We can ensure accurate and smooth functioning of our body. while doing physical activities, our reaction time becomes less. These activities help in the efficient movement of our body parts. Thus, through physical activities, our neuro muscular coordination becomes efficient. Emotional Development : The emotional development of an individual is also the major objective of physical education. Every individual has various types of emotion viz, pleasure, hope, jealousy, hate, fear, distress, anger, wonder, lust, loneliness, etc. If an individual dose note have appropriate control over these emotions, he/has becomes abnormal and uncontrollable. The programmes of physical education help develop these emotions and also teach us to have proper control over our emotions. By participating in the programmmer of physical education, an individual starts having control over his/her emotions. Development of Health : The development of health is also an objective of physical education. It educates on the prevention of communicable diseases. There are various programmes on recreation. The programmes of physical education in modern age help reduce anxiety, stress and teneion up to a large extent, so that the individuals experience healthy living.